-
1 GOÐ
n. (heathen) god.* * *n. pl. [all the Teutonic languages have this word in common; Ulf. guþa, n. pl., Gal. iv. 8; guda, id., John x. 34, 35; and Guþ, m.; A. S. godu, n. pl., and God, m.; O. H. G. Cot: in mod. languages masc.; Engl. God; Germ. Gott; Dan.-Swed. Gud].A. HISTORICAL REMARKS.—In heathen times this word was neuter, and was used almost exclusively in plur., as were also other words denoting Godhead, e. g. regin or rögn = numina, q. v.; and bönd, höpt, prop. = bonds, and metaph. gods:—this plur. usage seems not to refer to a plurality of gods, but rather, as the Hebrew אלהים, to the majesty and mystery of the Godhead; it points to an earlier and purer faith than that which was current in the later ages of the Scandinavian heathendom; thus the old religious poem Völuspá distinguishes a twofold order of gods,—the heavenly powers (regin or ginn-heilög goð) who had no special names or attributes, and who ruled the world, like the Μοιρα or Αισα of Gr. mythology;—and the common gods who were divided into two tribes, Æsir ( Ases) and Vanir, whose conflict and league are recorded in Vsp. 27, 28, and Edda 47.II. after the introduction of Christianity, the masculine gender (as in Greek and Latin) superseded the neuter in all Teutonic languages, first in Gothic, then in Old High German and Anglo-Saxon, and lastly in the Scandinavian languages; but neither in Gothic nor in Icel. did the word ever take the masc. inflexive r or s, so that it remains almost unique in form.2. in Scandinavian the root vowel was altered from o to u (goð to guð), [Swed.-Dan. gud], yet in old poems of the Christian age it is still made to rhyme with o, Goðs, boðnum; Goð, roðnar, Sighvat; as also in the oldest MSS. of the 12th century; sometimes however it is written ḡþ, in which case the root vowel cannot be discerned.3. in Icel. the pronunciation also underwent a change, and the g in Guð ( God) is now pronounced gw (Gwuð), both in the single word and in those proper names which have become Christian, e. g. Guðmundr pronounced Gwuðmundr, whence the abbreviated form Gvendr or Gvöndr. The old form with o is still retained in obsolete words, as goði, goðorð, vide below, and in local names from the heathen age, as Goð-dalir; so also Gormr (q. v.), which is contracted from Goð-ormr not Guð-ormr. On the other hand, the Saxon and German have kept the root vowel o.III. in old poems of heathen times it was almost always used without the article; gremdu eigi goð at þér, Ls.; áðr vér heilög goð blótim, Fas. i. (in a verse); ginnheilög Goð, Vsp. passim; goðum ek þat þakka, Am. 53; með goðum, Alm.; in prose, en goð hefna eigi alls þegar, Nj. 132.2. with the article goð-in, Vsp. 27: freq. in prose, um hvat reiddusk goðin þá er hér brann hraunit er nú stöndu vér á, Bs. i. (Kr. S.) 22; eigi eru undr at goðin reiðisk tölum slíkum, id.; Hallfreðr lastaði eigi goðin, þó aðrir menn hallmælti þeim, Fms. ii. 52; allmikin hug leggr þú á goðin, Fs. 94; eigi munu goðin þessu valda, Nj. 132, passim.3. very seldom in sing., and only if applied to a single goddess or the like, as Öndor-goðs (gen.), Haustl. 7; Vana-goð, of Freyja, Edda; enu skírleita goði, of the Sun, Gm. 39.IV. after the introduction of Christianity, the neut. was only used of false gods in sing. as well as in pl., Sólar-goð = Apollo, Orrostu-goð = Mars, Drauma-goð = Morpheus, Bret. (Verel.); and was held up for execration by the missionaries; gör þik eigi svá djarfa, at þú kallir goð hinn hæsta konung er ek trúi á, Fb. i. 371. Yet so strongly did the neut. gender cleave to the popular mind that it remains (Grág. Kb. i. 192) in the oath formula, goð gramt = Goð gramr; and Icel. still say, í Guðanna (pl.) bænum.2. guðír, masc. pl., as in A. S. gudas, is freq. in eccl. writers, but borrowed from the eccl. Lat.B. IN COMPDS:I. with nouns, goða-blót, n. sacrifice to the gods, Fb. i. 35. goða-gremi, f. a term in the heathen oath, wrath of the gods, Eg. 352. goða-heill, f. favour of the gods, Þorst. Síðu H. 9. goða-hús, n. a house of gods, temple, Dropl. 11, Nj. 131, Fb. i. 337. goða-stallar, m. pl. the altar in temples, Fas. i. 454. goða-stúka, u, f. the sanctuary in heathen temples, answering to the choir or sanctuary in churches, Landn. 335 (App.) goða-tala, u, f. in the phrase, í goðatölu, in the tale ( list) of gods, 625. 41. goð-borinn, part. διογενής, god-born, Hkv. 1. 29. goð-brúðr, f. bride of the gods (the goddess Skaði), Edda (in a verse). Goð-dalir, m. pl. a local name, hence Goð-dælir, m. pl. a family, Landn. goð-gá, f. blasphemy against the gods, Nj. 163, Ld. 180. goð-heimr, m. the home of the gods, Stor. 20, cp. Ýt. goð-konungr, m. (cp. Gr. διογενής βασιλεύς), a king,—kings being deemed the offspring of gods, Ýt. goð-kunnigr and goð-kyndr, adj. of the kith of gods, Edda 6, 11, 13. goð-lauss, adj. godless, a nickname, Landn. goð-lax, m. a kind of salmon, Edda (Gl.) goð-leiðr, adj. loathed by the gods, Korm. goð-máligr, adj. skilled in the lore of the gods, Hým. 38. goð-mögn, n. pl. divine powers, deities, Edda 1; biðja til þinna goðmagna, Bret. (Verel.) goð-reið, f. ‘a ride of gods’ through the air, a meteor, thought to forebode great events, Glúm. (in a verse), cp. the Swed. åska. goð-rifi, n. scorn of the gods, Sks. 435. goð-rækr, adj. ‘god-forsaken,’ wicked, 623. 30. goðum-leiðr, adj. = goðleiðr, Landn. (in a verse). goð-vargr, m. a ‘god-worrier,’ sacrilegus, ‘lupus in sanctis,’ Bs. i. 13 (in a verse). goð-vefr, vide guðvefr. goð-vegr, m. the way of the gods, the heaven, the sky, Hdl. 5. Goð-þjóð, f. the abode of the gods, Vsp.:—but Goth. Gut-þjuda = the land of the Goths, by assimilation Goð-þjóð, passim in old poems and the Sagas.II. with pr. names, originally Goð-, later and mod. Guð-; of men, Guð-brandr, Guð-laugr, Guð-leifr, Guð-mundr, Guð-röðr, Guð-ormr or Gutt-ormr, etc.; of women, Guð-björg, Guð-finna, Guð-laug, Guð-leif, Guð-ný, Guð-ríðr, Guð-rún, etc.; cp. the interesting statement in Eb. (App.) 126 new Ed. (from the Hauks-bók), that men of the olden time used to call their sons and daughters after the gods (Goð-, Þór-, Frey-, Ás-); and it was thought that a double (i. e. a compound) name gave luck and long life, esp. those compounded with the names of gods; menn höfðu mjök þá tvau nöfn, þótti þat likast til langlífis ok heilla, þótt nokkurir fyrirmælti þeim við goðin, þá mundi þat ekki saka, ef þeir ætti eitt nafn, though any one cursed them by the gods it would not hurt if they had ‘one’ name, i. e. if they were the namesakes of the gods, Eb. l. c.;—we read ‘eitt nafn’ for ‘eitt annat nafn’ of the Ed. and MS. In Fb. i. 23, the mythical king Raum is said to have had three sons, Alf, Björn, and Brand; the first was reared by the Finns, and called Finn-Alf; Björn by his mother (a giantess), and called Jötun-Björn; and Brand was given to the gods, and called Goð-Brand (Guð-brandr, whence Guðbrands-dalir, a county in Norway); cp. also Eb. ch. 7.☞ For the Christian sense of God and its compds vide s. v. Guð. -
2 लक्ष्मी _lakṣmī
लक्ष्मी f. [लक्ष्-इ मुट् च Uṇ.3.158,16]1 Fortune, prosperity, wealth; सा लक्ष्मीरुपकुरुते यया परेषाम् Ki.8.13; मातर्लक्ष्मि तव प्रसादवशतो दोषा अमी स्युर्गुणाः Subhāṣ; Bh.3. 64; तृणमिव लघुलक्ष्मीर्नैव तान् संरुणद्धि Bh.2.17.-2 Good fortune, good luck.-3 Success, accomplishment; U.4. 1.-4 Beauty, loveliness, grace, charm, splendour; lustre; श्यामं सदापीच्यवयो$ङ्गलक्ष्म्या स्त्रीणां मनोज्ञं रुचिरस्मितेन Bhāg.1.19.28; मलिनमपि हिमांशोर्लक्ष्म लक्ष्मीं तनोति Ś.1.2; U.6.24; Māl.9.25; लक्ष्मीमुवाह सकलस्य शशाङ्कमूर्तेः Ki. 2.59;5.39,52;9.2; Ku.3.49.-5 The goddess of fortune, prosperity and beauty, regarded as the wife of Viṣṇu. (She is said to have sprung from the ocean along with the other precious things or 'jewels' when it was churned for nectar by the gods and demons.); इयं गेहे लक्ष्मीः U.1.39; प्रत्यब्दं पूजयेल्लक्ष्मीं शुक्लपक्षे गुरोर्दिने । नापराह्ने न रात्रौ च नासिते न त्र्यहस्पृशि ॥ Skanda P.-6 Royal or sovereign power, dominion; (oft. personified as a wife of the king and regarded as a rival of the queen); तामेकभार्यां परिवादभीरोः साध्वीमपि त्यक्तवतो नृपस्य । वक्षस्यसंवट्टसुखं वसन्ती रेजे सपत्नीरहितेव लक्ष्मीः ॥ R.14.86;12.26.-7 The wife of a hero.-8 A pearl.-9 N. of turmeric.-1 Superhuman power.-11 N. of the eleventh digit of the moon.-Comp. -ईशः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.-2 the mango tree.-3 a prosperous or fortunate man.-कल्पः a particular period of time.-कान्तः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.-2 a king.-गृहम् the red lotus-flower.-तालः 1 a kind of palm.-2 (in music) a kind of measure.-नाथः an epithet of Viṣṇu.-निकेतनम् the bathing with fragrant myrobalan powder.-निरीक्षित a. favo- ured by Lakṣmī, rich; लक्ष्मीनिरीक्षिताः क्षिप्रं भजन्ते चक्रवर्तिताम् Bm.1.676.-पतिः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.-2 a king; विहाय लक्ष्मीपतिलक्ष्म कार्मुकम् Ki.1.44.-3 the betel-nut tree.-4 the clove tree.-पुत्रः 1 a horse.-2 N. of Kuśa and Lava.-3 N. of Cupid or Kāma.-4 a wealthy man.-पुष्पः a ruby.-पूजनम् the ceremony of worshipping Lakṣmī (performed by the bride- groom in company with his bride after she has been brought home).-पूजा the worship of Lakṣmī performed on the day of newmoon in the month of Āśvina (chiefly by bankers and traders whose com- mercial or official year closes on that day).-फलः the Bilva tree.-रमणः an epithet of Viṣṇu.-वसतिः f. 'Lakṣmī's abode', the red lotus-flower.-वारः Thurs- day.-विवर्तः change of fortune.-वेष्टः turpentine.-सखः a favourite of Lakṣmī-सनाथ a. endowed with beauty or fortune.-सहजः, -सहोदरः 1 epithets of the moon.-2 camphor.-3 N. of the horse of Indra.-समाह्वया N. of Sītā; L. D. B. -
3 सूर्य
sūryasū́ryam. the sun orﾠ its deity (in the Veda the name Sūrya is generally distinguished from Savitṛi <q.v.>, andﾠ denotes the most concrete of the solar gods, whose connection with the luminary is always present to the poet's mind;
in Nir. VII, 5 he is regarded as one of the original Vedic triad, his place being in the sky, while that of Agni is on the earth, andﾠ that of Indra is in the atmosphere;
ten hymns in the RV. are entirely in praise of Sūrya,
e.g.. I, 50, I, 115 etc.., alsoﾠ AV. XIII, 2 ;
he moves through the sky in a chariot drawn by seven ruddy horses orﾠ mares < seeﾠ saptâ̱ṡva, harit, harid-aṡva>;
in the later mythology Sūrya is identified with Savitṛi as one of the 12 Ādityas orﾠ emblems of the Sun in the 12 months of the year, andﾠ his seven-horsed chariot is said to be driven by Aruṇa orﾠ the Dawn as its charioteer, who is represented without legs;
the Sun, whether named Sūrya orﾠ Vivasvat, has several wives seeﾠ sūryā below) RV. etc. etc. (cf. IW. 11; 16 etc.. RTL. 341);
a symbolical expression for the number « twelve» (in allusion to the sun in the 12 signs of the zodiac) Jyot. Hcat. ;
the swallow-wort (either Calotropis orﾠ Asclepias Gigantea, = arka) L. ;
N. of the son of Bali L. ;
of a Dānava VahniP. ;
of an astronomer (= sūrya-dāsa) Cat. ;
epithet of Ṡiva MBh. ;
(ā́) f. the wife of Sūrya orﾠ the Sun ( alsoﾠ called Saṃjñā, q.v.);
the daughter of Sūrya orﾠ the Sun ( seeﾠ RV. I, 116, 17 ;
alsoﾠ described as daughter of Prajāpati orﾠ of Savitṛi andﾠ wife of the Aṡvins, andﾠ in other places as married to Soma;
in RV. I, 119, 2 she is called Ūrjānī, andﾠ in VI, 55, 4, VI, 58, 4 the sister of Pūshan <q.v.>, who is described as loving her, andﾠ receiving her as a gift from the gods;
accord. toﾠ some she represents a weak manifestation of the Sun;
Sūryā Sāvitrī is regarded as the authoress of the Sūryā-sûkta RV. X, 85) RV. AV. AitBr. Kauṡ. ;
= vāc Naigh. I, 11 ;
= sūryā-sû̱ktā (q.v.) ṠāṇkhGṛ. ;
a new bride;
a drug L. ;
the colocynth orﾠ bitter gourd L. ;
mfn. solar (perhaps w.r. for saurya) Jyot. <For cognate words seeﾠ under 2. svár.>
- सूर्यकमल
- सूर्यकर
- सूर्यकल्प
- सूर्यकवच
- सूर्यकवि
- सूर्यकान्त
- सूर्यकान्ति
- सूर्यकाल
- सूर्यकेतु
- सूर्यक्रान्त
- सूर्यक्षय
- सूर्यगङ्गातीर्थ
- सूर्यगर्भ
- सूर्यगुप्त
- सूर्यग्रह
- सूर्यग्रहण
- सूर्यचक्षुस्
- सूर्यचन्द्र
- सूर्यचन्द्रमस्
- सूर्यचन्द्रमस
- सूर्यज
- सूर्यज्योतिस्
- सूर्यतनय
- सूर्यतपस्
- सूर्यतापिनी
- सूर्यतीर्थ
- सूर्यतेजस्
- सूर्यत्वच्
- सूर्यत्वच
- सूर्यत्वचस्
- सूर्यदत्त
- सूर्यदशाफल
- सूर्यदास
- सूर्यदृश्
- सूर्यदेव
- सूर्यदेवत्य
- सूर्यद्वादशार्या
- सूर्यधर
- सूर्यध्यान
- सूर्यध्वज
- सूर्यनक्षत्र
- सूर्यनगर
- सूर्यनन्दन
- सूर्यनमस्कार
- सूर्यनाडी
- सूर्यनाभ
- सूर्यनारायण
- सूर्यनेत्र
- सूर्यपक्षकरण
- सूर्यपक्षशरण
- सूर्यपञ्चाङ्ग
- सूर्यपञ्चाङ्गस्तोत्र
- सूर्यपण्डित
- सूर्यपति
- सूर्यपत्त्र
- सूर्यपत्नी
- सूर्यपर्णी
- सूर्यपर्वन्
- सूर्यपाद
- सूर्यपुत्र
- सूर्यपुर
- सूर्यपुराण
- सूर्यपूजा
- सूर्यपूजाविधि
- सूर्यप्रकाश
- सूर्यप्रज्ञप्ति
- सूर्यप्रतिष्ठा
- सूर्यप्रदीप
- सूर्यप्रभ
- सूर्यप्रभव
- सूर्यप्रभीय
- सूर्यप्रशिष्य
- सूर्यफणिचक्र
- सूर्यबलि
- सूर्यबिम्ब
- सूर्यभक्त
- सूर्यभक्तक
- सूर्यभट्ट
- सूर्यभट्टीय
- सूर्यभा
- सूर्यभागा
- सूर्यभानु
- सूर्यभास्
- सूर्यभ्राज्
- सूर्यभ्रातृ
- सूर्यमणि
- सूर्यमण्डल
- सूर्यमती
- सूर्यमन्त्र
- सूर्यमरुत्
- सूर्यमरुत
- सूर्यमल्ल
- सूर्यमाल
- सूर्यमास
- सूर्यमुखी
- सूर्यम्पश्य
- सूर्ययन्त्र
- सूर्ययम
- सूर्यरथ
- सूर्यरश्मि
- सूर्यरहस्य
- सूर्यराज्य
- सूर्यराम
- सूर्यरुच्
- सूर्यर्क्ष
- सूर्यर्च्
- सूर्यलता
- सूर्यलोक
- सूर्यलोचना
- सूर्यवंश
- सूर्यवंश्य
- सूर्यवक्त्र
- सूर्यवज्रपञ्जर
- सूर्यवत्
- सूर्यवन
- सूर्यवर
- सूर्यवरुण
- सूर्यवर्ग
- सूर्यवर्चस्
- सूर्यवर्ण
- सूर्यवर्मन्
- सूर्यवल्ली
- सूर्यवार
- सूर्यविकासिन्
- सूर्यविघ्न
- सूर्यविलोकन
- सूर्यवेश्मन्
- सूर्यवैश्वानर
- सूर्यव्रत
- सूर्यशतक
- सूर्यशान्ति
- सूर्यशिष्य
- सूर्यशोभा
- सूर्यश्रित्
- सूर्यश्री
- सूर्यश्वित्
- सूर्यषट्पदी
- सूर्यषडक्षरी
- सूर्यसंक्रम
- सूर्यसंक्रान्ति
- सूर्यसंज्ञ
- सूर्यसदृश
- सूर्यसप्तति
- सूर्यसप्तार्या
- सूर्यसम
- सूर्यसहस्रनामन्
- सूर्यसहस्रनामावली
- सूर्यसामन्
- सूर्यसारथि
- सूर्यसावर्णि
- सूर्यसावित्र
- सूर्यसिंह
- सूर्यसिद्धान्त
- सूर्यसुत
- सूर्यसूक्त
- सूर्यसूत
- सूर्यसूरि
- सूर्यसेन
- सूर्यस्तवकपालमोचन
- सूर्यस्तवन
- सूर्यस्तुत्
- सूर्यस्तुति
- सूर्यस्तोत्र
- सूर्यहृदय
-
4 ἄγω
Aἄγεσκον Hdt.1.148
, A.R.1.849: [tense] fut.ἄξω Il.1.139
, etc.: thematic [tense] aor. imper.ἄξετε Il.3.105
, inf. ἀξέμεναι, -έμεν, Il.23.50, 111: [tense] aor. 2ἤγαγον Il.6.291
, etc., opt.ἀγαγοίην Sapph.159
: [tense] aor. 1 ἦξα rare, , part.ἄξας Batr. 119
, inf. : [tense] pf. (Abu Simbel, vii/ vi B. C.), Plb.3.111.3, ([etym.] προ-) D.19.18, ([etym.] συν-) X.Mem.4.2.8; (Sigeum, iii B.C.), etc., [dialect] Dor.συν-αγάγοχα Test.Epict.3.12
; , J.BJ1.30.1, Alex.Fig.1.11, etc. (also in compds., ([etym.] εἰσ-) Ps.-Philipp. ap. D.18.39, ([etym.] κατ-) Decr.ib.73);ἀγείοχα PTeb.5.193
(ii B. C.), etc.; ἀγέωχα ([etym.] δι-) CIG4897d (Philae, i B. C.), PTeb.5.198 (ii B. C.), etc.: [tense] plpf.ἀγηόχει Plb.30.4.17
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.ἄξομαι Hom.
, Hdt., Trag.: them. [tense] aor. 1ἄξοντο Il.8.545
, imper. ἄζεσθε ib. 505: also ἀξάμην ([etym.] ἐσ-) Hdt.5.34, ([etym.] προεσ-) 1.190, 8.20: [tense] aor.2ἠγαγόμην Hom.
, etc., [ per.] 2sg. (Cret.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. , ([etym.] προσ-) Th.4.87, etc.; ἄξομαι in pass. sense, A.Ag. 1632, Pl.R. 458d, ([etym.] προσ-) Th.4.115, etc.: [tense] aor. 1ἤχθην X.An.6.3.10
, [dialect] Ion.ἄχθην Hdt.6.30
, part.ἀχθείς Hippon. 9
: [tense] pf. ἦγμαι Hdt 2.158, D.13.15; also in med. sense, v. infr. B.2.I lead, carry, fetch, bring, of living creatures, φέρω being used of things,δῶκε δ' ἄγειν ἑτάροισι.. γυναῖκα, καὶ τρίποδα.. φέρειν Il.23.512
; βοῦν δ' ἀγέτην κεράων by the horns, Od.3.439; ἄ. εἰς or πρὸς τόπον, poet. also c. acc. loci, νόστοι δ' ἐκ πολέμων ἀπόνους (sc. ἄνδρας).. ἆγον οἴκους A.Pers. 863
(lyr.);Ἅιδας.. ἄγει τὰν Ἀχέροντος ἀκτάν S.Ant. 811
(lyr.);ἄ. τινά τινι Od.14.386
;ἵππους ὑφ' ἅρματ' ἄ. 3.476
, cf. A.Pr. 465.b part. ἄγων taking,στῆσε δ' ἄγων Il.2.558
, cf. Od.1.130, S.OC 1342, etc.2 take with one,ἑταίρους Od.10.405
, cf. S.OC 832, etc.; τι Il.15.531, Hdt.1.70; of a wife, A.Pr. 559 (lyr.) (more usu. [voice] Med., q.v.).3 carry off as captives or booty, Il.1.367,9.594, A. Th. 340, etc.;ἄχθη ἀγόμενος παρὰ βασιλέα Hdt.6.30
; ἀγόμενος, i.e. δοῦλος, Archil.155, cf. E.Tr. 140, Pl.Lg. 914e; Δίκην ἄγειν to lead Justice forcibly away, Hes.Op. 220;ἡ ἐπιθυμία ἄγει Arist.EN 1147a34
; of a fowler,φῦλον ὀρνίθων ἀμφιβαλὼν ἄγει S.Ant. 343
: esp. in phrase ἄ. καὶ φέρειν harry, ravage a country, first in Il.5.484 οἷόν κ' ἠὲ φέροιεν Ἀχαιοὶ ἤ κεν ἄγοιεν, cf. 23.512 sq.; freq. in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. Prose:—in [voice] Pass.,ἀγόμεθα, φερόμεθα E.Tr. 1310
, cf. Ar.Nu. 241: more rarely reversed,φέρουσί τε καὶ ἄγουσι Hdt. 1.88
;ἔφερε καὶ ἦγε πάντας Id.3.39
: c. acc. loci,φέρων καὶ ἄγων τὴν Βιθυνίδα X.HG3.2.2
; ib.5; ἄ. alone, ravage, IG9(1).333 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.): —but φέρειν καὶ ἄγειν sts. means simply bear and carry, bring together, Pl.Phdr. 279c; τὴν ποίησιν φέρειν τε καὶ ἄγειν, i.e. bring it into the state, Id.Lg. 817a, cf. X.Cyr.3.3.2.4 ἄ. εἰς δίκην or δικαστήριον, ἐπὶ τοὺς δικαστάς to carry one before a court of justice, freq. in [dialect] Att.,πρὸς τὴν δίκην ἄ. E.Fr. 1049
;ὑπ' ἐπίγνωσιν ἀχθῆναι PTeb.28.11
(ii B. C.); simply , etc.;ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἄ. X.An.1.6.10
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε Ev.Matt.10.18
, cf. PTeb.331.16 (ii A.D.);φόνου ἄγεσθαι Plu.2.309e
.b [voice] Pass., to be confiscated, τὰ κτήνη ἀχθήσεται πρὸς τὰ ἐκφόρια (to meet the rent) PTeb.27.75 (ii B. C.).5 of ships, carry as cargo, import, [ οἶνον]νῆες ἄγουσι Il.9.72
, etc.; ἵνα οἱ σὺν φόρτον ἄγοιμι (i.e. σύν οἱ) Od.14.296.6 draw on, bring on,πῆμα τόδ' ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες Il.24.547
;Ἰλίω φθοράν A.Ag. 406
(lyr.);τερμίαν ἁμέραν S.Ant. 1330
(lyr.); ; ; .II lead towards a point, lead on,τὸν δ' ἄγε μοῖρα κακὴ θανάτοιο τέλοσδε Il.13.602
;κῆρες ἄγον θανάτοιο 2.834
;οἷ μ' ἀτιμίας ἄγεις S.El. 1035
: also c. inf., ἄγει θανεῖν leads to death, E.Hec.43: c. acc. cogn.,ἄγομαι τάνδ' ἑτοίμαν ὁδόν S.Ant. 877
(lyr.); ὁδὸς ἄγει the road leads, Heraclit.71, S.OT 734, Tab.Heracl.1.16, etc.: metaph., tend,ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον Pl.Lg. 701e
.2 lead, guide, esp. in war,λαόν Il.10.79
; ἄ. στρατιάν, ναῦς, etc., Th.7.12, 8.59, etc., cf. X.An.4.8.12; henceabs., march,θᾶσσον ὁ Νικίας ἦγε Th.7.81
, cf. X.HG4.2.19, etc.: simply, go,ἄγωμεν Ev.Marc. 1.38
; of the gods, etc., guide, Pi., Hdt., etc.;ἐπ' ἀρετήν E.Fr. 672
;διὰ πόνων ἄγειν τινά Id.IT 988
.3 manage,νόῳ πλοῦτον Pi.P.6.47
;πολιτείαν Th.1.127
; τὴν σοφίαν conduct philosophical inquiry, Pl.Tht. 172b; of reasoning,ἀγαγεῖν τοὺς λόγους Arist.APr. 47a21
; εἰς τὸ ἀδύνατον ἄ. ib. 27a15 (v.l. ἀπάγοντας):—[voice] Pass., to be led, guided, ; .5 bring up, train, educate,ἀγόμενοις ὀρθῶς Pl.Lg. 782d
;ἤχθη τὴν λεγομένην ἀγωγήν Plu.Ages.1
; of animals, train, X.Mem.4.1.3.6 reduce,ἐς βραχὺ τὴν ἀρχήν Hp. VM1
;ἐς τὸ ἥμισυ Id.Mul.1.78
; of propositions,εἰς ῥᾳδιξστέραν κατασκευήν Papp.1076.6
.III draw out in length, τεῖχος ἄ. to draw a line of wall, Th.6.99;μέλαθρον εἰς ὀρόφους AP9.649
(Maced.);ὄγμον ἄ. Theoc.10.2
; ἄ. γραμμάς to draw lines, Arist.Top. 101a16; ἤχθωσαν κάθετοι let perpendiculars be drawn, Mete. 373a11; ἄ. ἐπίπεδον describe a plane, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.7, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,ἦκται ἡ διῶρυξ Hdt.2.158
, cf. Th.6.100; κόλπου ἀγομένου τῆς γῆς, i.e. when the land forms a bight, Hdt.4.99.IV hold, celebrate, Ἀπατούρια, ὁρτήν, Hdt. 1.147, 183 (more usu. ἀνάγειν); freq. in [dialect] Att.,ἄ. ἀγῶνα IG1.53.33
;θυσίαν, θεωρίαν Isoc.19.10
; ; , cf. LXX To.11.19 ([voice] Pass.);ἐκκλησίαν Plu.Aem.30
:—[voice] Pass.,ἀγοραῖοι ἄγονται Act.Ap.19.38
.2 keep, observe a date,ἄ. τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην πάντα τὸν χρόνον Th.5.54
, cf. Men.521;κατὰ σελήνην τὰς ἡμέρας Ar.Nu. 626
; reckon,τοὺς ἐνιαυτοὺς καθ' ἥλιον Gem.8.6
.3 keep, observe,ὀρθὰν ἄγεις ἐφημοσύναν Pi.P. 6.20
;σπονδὰς ἄ. πρός τινας Th.6.7
; , etc.: c. acc., as periphr. for a neut. Verb, σχολὴν ἄγειν, = σχολάζειν, E.Med. 1238, Pl.R. 376d; ἡσυχίαν ἄ., = ἡσυχάξειν, X.An.3.1.14;ἄ. ἀπαστίαν Ar. Nu. 621
; κρύψιν ἄ., of stars betw. setting and rising, Autol.2.9; keep up, sustain, maintain,νεῖκος Pi.P.9.31
; γέλωτ' ἄγειν to keep laughing, S.Aj. 382;ἄ. κτύπον E.Or. 182
(lyr.); with predicate, maintain,ἐλευθέραν ἦγε τὴν Ἑλλάδα D.9.36
.4 of Time, pass,ἀπήμαντον ἄγων βίοτον Pi.O.8.87
; ποίας ἡμέρας δοκεῖς μ' ἄγειν; S.El. 266;ὁ βίος οὑμὸς ἑσπέραν ἄγει Alex.228
, cf. ὥραν ἄγειν to be ripe,τῆς γαστρὸς ὥραν ἀγούσης Philostr.VA2.14
; ὥραν ἦγε θανάτου Chor.p.38B.;τῆς ἡλικίας ἄγον τὸ ἄνθος Id.p.53
B.;τέταρτον ἔτος ἄγων καὶ τριακοστόν Gal.Lib. Propr.1
.V hold account, treat,ἄ. ἀρετὰν οὐκ αἴσχιον φυᾶς Pi.I.7(6).22
; ἐν τιμῇ ἄγειν or ἄγεσθαι, ἐν οὐδεμιῇ μοίρῃ ἄ., περὶ πλείστου ἄ., Hdt.1.134, 2.172, 9.7, etc.; θεοὺς ἄ. to believe in, A.Supp. 924; διὰ τιμῆς ἄ. τινά, etc., Luc. Prom.Es4, etc.;τὸ πρᾶγμ' ἄ... ὡς παρ' οὐδέν S.Ant.34
;τὴν Ἀφροδίτην πρόσθ' ἄ. τοῦ Βακχίου E.Ba. 225
;τιμιώτερον ἄ. τινά Th.8.81
;εὐεργεσίας εἰς ἀχαριστίαν καὶ προπηλακισμὸν ἄ. D.18.316
:—with Adverbs, ;ἐντίμως ἄ. Pl.R. 528c
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., .VI draw down in the scale, hence, weigh, ἄ. μνᾶν, τριακοσίους δαρεικούς, etc., weigh a mina, 300 darics, etc., D.22.76, 24.129, cf. Philippid.9.4, etc.;ἄ. πλέον Arist.Pr. 931b15
;ἄ. σταθμόν Plu.2.96b
.VII on ἄγε, ἄγετε, v.s. vocc.B [voice] Med. ἄγομαι, carry away for oneself,χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον οἴκαδ' ἄγεσθαι Od.10.35
; take with one, 6.58, E.Heracl. 808, etc.; of a ship's cargo, D.35.20; take to oneself,δῶρον Theoc.1.9
, cf. 11; take upon oneself,ἄγεσθαι ἐς χεῖρας Hdt.1.126
, 4.79.2 ἄγεσθαι γυναῖκα take to oneself a wife, Od.14.211;γυναῖκα ἄ. ἐς τὰ οἰκία Hdt.1.59
, etc.;ἄγεσθαί τινα ἐς δῶμα Hes.Th. 410
; simply ἄ. marry, Hdt.2.47, etc.: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. ἦγμαι is used in this med. sense, J.AJ14.12.1; of the father, bring home a wife for his son, Od.4.10, Hdt.1.34; of a brother, Od.15.238; of friends of the bridegroom and bride, Od.6.28, Hes.Sc. 274: later in [voice] Pass. of the wife, PGnom. 138 (ii A.D.). -
5 sperata
spēro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.I.To hope (something desirable), to look for, trust, expect; to promise or flatter one's self (the predom. signif. of the word; syn.: confido, exspecto).(α).Absol.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).quoad Pompeius in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:sperat animus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36:ut neque accusator timere neque reus sperare debuerit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 20:jubes bene sperare et bono esse animo,
id. Deiot. 14, 38:Attica nostra quid agat, scire cupio: etsi tuae litterae recte sperare jubent,
id. Att. 13, 17:tu jam, ut spero et ut promittis, aderis,
id. ib. 16, 3, 4:omnia experiar et, ut spero, assequar... Sed, ut spero, valebis,
id. ib. 7, 2, 6:ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, vobis, quemadmodum spero, non molestam,
id. Arch. 2, 3:Argyrippus exorari spero poterit, ut sinat, etc.,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non usus veniet, spero. Sy. Spero hercle ego quoque, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:interea fiet aliquid, spero,
id. And. 2, 1, 14: salvus sit;spero,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.—With acc.:(γ).his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10:consulatum,
id. ib. 12, 6, 14:gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus,
id. ib. 12, 10, 26: magis adversos rerum exitus metuens quam sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā fretus, et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae,
id. ib. 12, 18: a quo nihil speres boni rei publicae, quia non vult;nihil metuas mali, quia non audet,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.:omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent,
id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60:quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent,
id. ib. 2, 16 fin.:spero meliora,
Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3:aliquid sibi,
id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6:bona alicuius,
Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13:hoc sperans, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 85:sperare victoriam ab aliquo,
id. B. C. 3, 96: quod sapienter speravimus, perseveranter consectari, have expected, Col. praef. §29: sperata gloria (opp. parta),
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6:sperata praeda,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8:spem speratam quom optulisti,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2:civitatem optandam magis quam sperandam quam minimam posuit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5:exitum malis sperare,
Sall. C. 40, 2:amicitiam, regnum,
id. J. 24, 5:mortem honestam,
id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch:salutem,
id. C. 58, 16:spes,
Curt. 5, 10, 1:mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem,
Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5:sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur hora,
id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis sum fretus, deos sperabimus, we will hope or trust in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.—With obj.-clause (so most freq.; usually with inf. fut.; less freq. but class. with inf. pres. or perf.).—With inf. fut.:(δ).ego me confido liberum fore, tu te numquam speras,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33:ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos,
id. Lael. 21, 79:quod amicitiae nostrae memoriam spero sempiternam fore, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 15:tu fac animo forti magnoque sis, speresque fore, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.:spero fore, ut contingat id nobis,
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.— With inf. pres.:qui istoc te speras modo Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22:spero me habere, qui hunc excruciem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11:sperat se a me avellere,
id. ib. 3, 3, 14:totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:spero, quae tua prudentia est, et hercule, ut me jubet Acastus, confido te jam, ut volumus, valere,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare,
id. Fam. 4, 6, 3:speremus, nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:spero te mihi ignoscere, si, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 6, 2:spero esse, ut volumus,
id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4:ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch:speramus carmina fingi posse,
Hor. A. P. 331: neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not hope or expect, Verg. A. 4, 338.—So esp. when used like Engl. hope, in the sense trust, believe:spero nostram amicitiam non egere testibus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 2:id enim deos immortalis spero aequissimum judicare,
id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. infra, II. fin. —With inf. perf.:speravi miser Ex servitute me exemisse filium,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99:me ejus spero fratrem propemodum Jam repperisse,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: spero tibi me causam probasse;cupio quidem certe,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4:spero cum Crassipede nos confecisse,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2:et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum,
Cat. 84, 3:sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse,
Liv. 4, 15, 6:sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3. —Ellipt.:qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem Sperat (sc. te fore),
Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.—With ut and subj.:(ζ).quoniam, ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat,
Liv. 34, 27, 3:ut patiatur... nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est,
Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.—() In a Greek construction, with fut. part.:visura et quamvis numquam speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse),
Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.—With de (very rare):II.neque de otio nostro spero jam,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo bene sperare (with obj.clause, cf. g supra), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—To look for, expect, apprehend that which is undesired, elpizô (rare, and mostly poet.;in Cic. only with non, and ironically): nam quod tu speres, propulsabo facile,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 21:mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia laeta,
Cat. 64, 140:haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas,
Prop. 2, 5, 3:hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, Et perferre, soror, potero,
Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1:haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc.,
Verg. A. 11, 275:mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto Sperasti?
id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60:si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,
expect, fear, Verg. A. 1, 543:exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu,
Val. Fl. 3, 295:aliquod in Africā bellum,
Flor. 3, 1, 1:jam quartanam sperantibus aegris,
Juv. 4, 57.—With a negative particle: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret ille aetate et satietate. Ph. Non spero. Sc. Insperata accidunt magis saepe quam quae speres, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id quod non spero, Afran ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:sin a vobis, id quod non spero, deserar,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse animo non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2:non speravi te sequi,
Stat. Th. 6, 139.—Ironically:quoniam haec satis spero vobis molesta videri,
Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.—Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., that is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a lover; a bride (ante- and post-class.): curre et nuntia Venire me et mecum speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31:sperata, salve,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.—Once also of a wife not seen for a long time:Amphitruo uxorem salutat laetus speratam suam,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53. -
6 spero
spēro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.I.To hope (something desirable), to look for, trust, expect; to promise or flatter one's self (the predom. signif. of the word; syn.: confido, exspecto).(α).Absol.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).quoad Pompeius in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:sperat animus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36:ut neque accusator timere neque reus sperare debuerit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 20:jubes bene sperare et bono esse animo,
id. Deiot. 14, 38:Attica nostra quid agat, scire cupio: etsi tuae litterae recte sperare jubent,
id. Att. 13, 17:tu jam, ut spero et ut promittis, aderis,
id. ib. 16, 3, 4:omnia experiar et, ut spero, assequar... Sed, ut spero, valebis,
id. ib. 7, 2, 6:ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, vobis, quemadmodum spero, non molestam,
id. Arch. 2, 3:Argyrippus exorari spero poterit, ut sinat, etc.,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non usus veniet, spero. Sy. Spero hercle ego quoque, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:interea fiet aliquid, spero,
id. And. 2, 1, 14: salvus sit;spero,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.—With acc.:(γ).his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10:consulatum,
id. ib. 12, 6, 14:gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus,
id. ib. 12, 10, 26: magis adversos rerum exitus metuens quam sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā fretus, et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae,
id. ib. 12, 18: a quo nihil speres boni rei publicae, quia non vult;nihil metuas mali, quia non audet,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.:omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent,
id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60:quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent,
id. ib. 2, 16 fin.:spero meliora,
Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3:aliquid sibi,
id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6:bona alicuius,
Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13:hoc sperans, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 85:sperare victoriam ab aliquo,
id. B. C. 3, 96: quod sapienter speravimus, perseveranter consectari, have expected, Col. praef. §29: sperata gloria (opp. parta),
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6:sperata praeda,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8:spem speratam quom optulisti,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2:civitatem optandam magis quam sperandam quam minimam posuit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5:exitum malis sperare,
Sall. C. 40, 2:amicitiam, regnum,
id. J. 24, 5:mortem honestam,
id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch:salutem,
id. C. 58, 16:spes,
Curt. 5, 10, 1:mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem,
Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5:sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur hora,
id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis sum fretus, deos sperabimus, we will hope or trust in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.—With obj.-clause (so most freq.; usually with inf. fut.; less freq. but class. with inf. pres. or perf.).—With inf. fut.:(δ).ego me confido liberum fore, tu te numquam speras,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33:ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos,
id. Lael. 21, 79:quod amicitiae nostrae memoriam spero sempiternam fore, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 15:tu fac animo forti magnoque sis, speresque fore, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.:spero fore, ut contingat id nobis,
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.— With inf. pres.:qui istoc te speras modo Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22:spero me habere, qui hunc excruciem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11:sperat se a me avellere,
id. ib. 3, 3, 14:totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:spero, quae tua prudentia est, et hercule, ut me jubet Acastus, confido te jam, ut volumus, valere,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare,
id. Fam. 4, 6, 3:speremus, nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:spero te mihi ignoscere, si, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 6, 2:spero esse, ut volumus,
id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4:ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch:speramus carmina fingi posse,
Hor. A. P. 331: neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not hope or expect, Verg. A. 4, 338.—So esp. when used like Engl. hope, in the sense trust, believe:spero nostram amicitiam non egere testibus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 2:id enim deos immortalis spero aequissimum judicare,
id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. infra, II. fin. —With inf. perf.:speravi miser Ex servitute me exemisse filium,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99:me ejus spero fratrem propemodum Jam repperisse,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: spero tibi me causam probasse;cupio quidem certe,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4:spero cum Crassipede nos confecisse,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2:et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum,
Cat. 84, 3:sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse,
Liv. 4, 15, 6:sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3. —Ellipt.:qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem Sperat (sc. te fore),
Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.—With ut and subj.:(ζ).quoniam, ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat,
Liv. 34, 27, 3:ut patiatur... nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est,
Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.—() In a Greek construction, with fut. part.:visura et quamvis numquam speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse),
Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.—With de (very rare):II.neque de otio nostro spero jam,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo bene sperare (with obj.clause, cf. g supra), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—To look for, expect, apprehend that which is undesired, elpizô (rare, and mostly poet.;in Cic. only with non, and ironically): nam quod tu speres, propulsabo facile,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 21:mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia laeta,
Cat. 64, 140:haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas,
Prop. 2, 5, 3:hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, Et perferre, soror, potero,
Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1:haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc.,
Verg. A. 11, 275:mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto Sperasti?
id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60:si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,
expect, fear, Verg. A. 1, 543:exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu,
Val. Fl. 3, 295:aliquod in Africā bellum,
Flor. 3, 1, 1:jam quartanam sperantibus aegris,
Juv. 4, 57.—With a negative particle: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret ille aetate et satietate. Ph. Non spero. Sc. Insperata accidunt magis saepe quam quae speres, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id quod non spero, Afran ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:sin a vobis, id quod non spero, deserar,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse animo non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2:non speravi te sequi,
Stat. Th. 6, 139.—Ironically:quoniam haec satis spero vobis molesta videri,
Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.—Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., that is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a lover; a bride (ante- and post-class.): curre et nuntia Venire me et mecum speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31:sperata, salve,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.—Once also of a wife not seen for a long time:Amphitruo uxorem salutat laetus speratam suam,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53.
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